Profile of Jodi Arias and the Murder of Travis Alexander

Jodi Arias was arrested on July 15, 2008, charged with shooting and stabbing to death her 30-year-old ex-boyfriend, Travis Alexander, in his home in Mesa, Arizona. Arias pleaded not guilty, first claiming that she wasnt there, then that intruders had murdered him and she escaped, and finally that she had killed Alexander in self-defense following abuse. She was convicted and sentenced to life in prison. Background Jodi Ann Arias was born in Salinas, California, on July 9, 1980, to William Angelo and Sandy D. Arias. She has an older half-sister, two younger brothers, and a sister. Beginning at age 10, Arias showed an interest in photography, which continued throughout her adult life. Her childhood years were unremarkable, although she has said that her parents abused her, hitting her with wooden spoons and a belt. The abuse allegedly began when she was 7. Arias dropped out of Yreka High School in Yreka, California, in the 11th grade. She continued to pursue her interest in professional photography while working at part-time jobs. Darryl Brewer In fall 2001, Arias began working as a server at a restaurant at the Ventana Inn and Spa in Carmel, California. Darryl Brewer, the food and beverage manager, was in charge of hiring and training the restaurants employees. Arias and Brewer lived in staff housing and in January 2003, they began dating; Arias was 21 and Brewer was 40. They had sex before they began to officially date. Brewer said that initially, Arias was a responsible, caring, loving person. In May 2005, Arias and Brewer purchased a home together in Palm Desert, California. They agreed each would pay half the monthly mortgage payment of $2008. In February 2006, Jodi began working for Prepaid Legal Services while keeping her servers job at Ventana. She also got involved with the Mormon Church. She started having Mormon visitors for Bible studies and group prayer sessions. In May, Jodi told Brewer that she no longer wanted a physical relationship. She wanted to practice what she was learning at church and save herself for her future husband. Around the same time she decided to have breast implants. According to Brewer, during the summer of 2006 Jodi began to change as her involvement with Prepaid Legal increased. She became financially irresponsible and defaulted on her financial responsibilities, including living expenses. As the relationship deteriorated, Brewer planned to move to Monterrey to be closer to his son. Jodi did not plan to move with him. They agreed that she would remain in the house until it was sold. Their relationship ended in December 2006, though they remained friends and occasionally called each other. The following year the house went into foreclosure. Travis Alexander Arias and Travis Alexander met in September 2006 in Las Vegas, Nevada, at a Prepaid Legal conference. Alexander, 30, was a motivational speaker and sales representative for Prepaid Legal. Arias was 28 and living in Yreka, working in sales for Prepaid Legal and trying to develop her photography business. There was an immediate attraction between Arias and Alexander. According to Arias, the relationship became sexual a week after they met. At the time, Alexander was living in Arizona. They began traveling together to other states and when apart they exchanged emails (eventually over 82,000) and talking daily on the phone. On November 26, 2006, Arias was baptized into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, in her words to get closer to Alexander, a devout Mormon. Three months later Alexander and Arias began dating exclusively and she moved to Mesa, Arizona, to be closer to him. The relationship lasted four months, ending in June 2007, although they continued to have sex periodically. According to Arias, the relationship ended because she did not trust Alexander. She later alleged that he was a sexual deviant who physically and sexually abused her and wanted her to be his personal slave. After the relationship ended, Alexander began dating other women and allegedly complained to friends that Arias was jealous. He suspected that she had slashed his tires twice and sent threatening anonymous emails to him and to the woman he was dating. He also told friends that Arias had sneaked into his home through a dog door while he was sleeping. Secret Relationship Despite the claims of being stalked, Alexander and Arias continued to travel together in March 2008 and maintained their sexual relationship. According to Arias, she grew tired of being Alexanders secret girlfriend. When she had to find another place to live after her roommate married, she returned to California. Evidence shows that after Arias left Arizona, they continued to exchange sexually explicit Internet messages and pictures. According to Alexanders friends, in June 2008 he had had enough of Arias after suspecting her of hacking into his Facebook and bank accounts. He allegedly told her he wanted her out of his life. Alexander Murdered According to police records, on June 2, 2008, Arias rented a car in Redding, California, and drove to Alexanders home in Mesa, where they took pictures of themselves in various nude poses and having sex. On June 4, Arias drove back to California and returned the car. Alexanders friends became concerned when he missed an important meeting and didnt show up for a planned trip to Cancun, Mexico. On June 9, two of his friends went to his home and woke up one of his roommates, who insisted Alexander was out of town. He then checked Alexanders locked room and found him dead on the shower stall floor. An autopsy determined that Alexander had been shot in the head, stabbed 27 times, and his throat was slashed. Evidence Detectives investigating Alexanders murder collected a wealth of forensic evidence at the murder scene, including a camera that was found in the washing machine. Friends knew that Alexander had grown annoyed with Arias stalking. The first suggestion that Arias could be involved in his death came during the 911 call made after Alexanders body was found. Friends and family members interviewed by detectives suggested that the police interview Arias. Arias began calling Esteban Flores, the detective in charge of the case. She asked for details of the murder and offered to help in the investigation. She claimed to know nothing of the crime and had last seen Alexander in April 2008. On June 17, Arias agreed to be fingerprinted and swabbed for DNA, as did many of Alexanders friends. Two days after being fingerprinted, she was questioned about photos on the camera left in the washing machine. The photos, which were time-stamped June 4, 2008, showed images of Alexander in the shower, likely minutes before he was killed. There were also images of him lying on the floor bleeding. Other pictures, which had been deleted but were recovered, were of Jodi, nude and posed in provocative positions, time-stamped on the same day. Arias continued to insist that she had not seen Alexander since April. A week later lab tests showed that DNA found in a bloody print at the murder scene matched Arias and Alexander. Hair found at the scene also held a DNA match to her. Happy Birthday Over the following weeks, Arias attended a memorial service for Alexander, wrote a lengthy sympathy letter to his grandmother, arranged for flowers to be sent to his family, and posted loving messages about Alexander on her MySpace page. On July 9, 2008—Arias birthday—a grand jury indicted her for first-degree murder. Six days later she was arrested and charged with first-degree murder and in September she was extradited to Arizona to face trial. Story Changes Days after being incarcerated in Arizona, Arias granted an interview to the Arizona Republic, during which she insisted that she had nothing to do with Alexanders murder. She gave no explanation for why her DNA was found at the scene. On September 24, the television show Inside Edition interviewed Arias. This time she admitted that she was with Alexander when he was murdered but that two intruders did it. In an interview with 48 Hours on June 23, 2009, she said that she had been miraculously spared during a home invasion. According to her story, Alexander had been playing with his new camera and suddenly she found herself lying on the bathroom floor after hearing a loud pop. When she looked up, she saw a man and a woman, both dressed in black, approaching. They were carrying a knife and a gun. The man pointed the gun at her and pulled the trigger, she said, but nothing happened. She then ran from the house and did not look back. She didnt call police, she claimed, because she was afraid for her life and was pretending that none of it had happened. She drove back to California in fear. Death Penalty The Maricopa County Attorneys Office, describing Arias crimes as especially cruel, heinous, and depraved, sought the death penalty. Months before the trial was to begin, Arias told the judge that she wanted to represent herself. The judge allowed it, as long as a public defender was present during the trial. A few weeks later, Arias attempted to get letters into evidence that she alleged were written by Alexander. In the letters, Alexander admitted to being a pedophile. The letters were found to be forged. Within days of the forgery discovery, Arias told the judge that she was over her head, and legal counsel was reinstated. Trial Arias trial began on January 2, 2013, in Maricopa County Superior Court with Sherry K. Stephens presiding. Arias court-appointed lawyers,  L. Kirk Nurmi and Jennifer Willmott,  argued that Arias killed Alexander in self-defense after suffering domestic violence. The trial was live-streamed and gained worldwide attention. Arias spent 18 days on the witness stand, talking about being abused by her parents, sharing intimate details about her sex life with Alexander, and describing how the relationship became verbally and physically abusive.   After deliberating for 15 hours, the jury found Arias guilty of first-degree murder. On May 23, during the sentencing phase, the jury was unable to reach a unanimous decision. A second jury convened on October 20, 2014, but they too deadlocked 11-1 in favor of the death penalty. That left the sentencing decision up to Stephens, although the death penalty was now off the table. On April 13, 2015, Arias was sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.   As of October 2019, Arias was in the Arizona State Prison Complex in Perryville, Arizona, classified as a high-risk prisoner. Sources Minutaglio, Rose. Jodi Arias: A Look Back at Her Gruesome Crime and Bizarre Trial. Good Housekeeping.Inmate Datasearch. Arizona Department of Corrections.

The Effects of Television Violence on Children Essay

Violence on television has been progressing since televisions invention in early 1927. Now that its the 21st century, violence in the media is considered one of the most critical issues in the mass media. Whether or not the media is responsible for the effects television violence has on young children is heavily debated. Should the media be more conservative when it comes to violence for the sake of better upbringing? Should the parents be responsible for allowing the child to be affected by the violence thats available to them on the screen? Does violence on television even make an impact to the physical and mental growth process of a child? In addition to others, all of these answers could potentially lead to solving this critical†¦show more content†¦Also, children exposed to violent programming at a young age have a higher tendency for violent and aggressive behavior later in life than those who are not so exposed. (The Associated Press) The 2003 March issue of Developme ntal Psychology, released by the American Psychological Association, had a different focus on the violence/children relation. They pin-pointed the major issue is that children view the violent television shows, and easily identify themselves with same-sex television characters. The young childrens perception allows them to feel that television violence is realistic and acceptable. Violent scenes that children are most often to replicate are the ones when the perpetrator of the violence is rewarded for the violence. (The Associated Press) A study done during 1977 surveyed 557 children, ages 6-10, on which violent shows they viewed most, whether or not they identified themselves with the violent characters, and whether they thought the violent situations were realistic. A current study re-surveyed 329 of the original boys and girls from the 1977 study. They were asked about their favorite television programs now as adults and also about their aggressive behaviors. The participants spo uses or friends were also interviewed and asked to rate the participants aggressive behavior. Researchers also obtained the participants criminal conviction records and moving traffic violations. Their results showed that men who were highShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Television Violence on Children1315 Words   |  6 Pages Shortly after a Boston television station showed a movie depicting teenagers dousing a derelict with gasoline and setting him afire, six youths attacked a woman and set her on fire in an identical manner. Several months later, NBC televised Born Innocent, a made-for-television- movie, which showed the sexual violation of a young girl with a broom handle. Three days after this program aired, a group of girls committed a similar attack on another 9-year-old girl (â€Å"Wild† A20). These are justRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children1735 Words   |  7 Pageswatches approximately 23 hours of television weekly. Children spend more time watching TV than doing any other leisure activity. By the time they finish high school, most have spent more time in front of the TV than in the classroom (Strasburger, 1995). On average, a child will see 18,000 murders, robberies, bombings, assaults, and beatings in their years of watching television (Liebowitz, 1997). Not to mention all the food commercials. In today s society, the television is used for more than just entertainmentRead MoreTelevision Violence and Its Effect on Children867 Words   |  4 PagesTelevision Violence and Its Effect on Children The children of today are surrounded by technology and entertainment that is full of violence. It is estimated that the average child watches from three to five hours of television a day! (Neilson 1993). Listening to music is also a time consuming pastime among children. With all of that exposure, one might pose the question, How can seeing so much violence on television and video games and hearing about violence in in music affect a childs behaviorRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children915 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Today violence is the gold of television. Violence has become a high demand by the viewers. The more violence equals more views which equals more demand. According to Hamilton (2002), â€Å"Children are not the target of advertisers on most violent programs. But their exposure to violent images can lead to social damages not factored into decisions about when to air programs and where to draw the line on content† (p. 18). The controversial debate that television violence influence children is nothingRead MoreEffects Of Television Violence On Children Essay1722 Words   |  7 PagesEffect of Television Violence Program on Children Now more and more violence television shows appear on the screen. A lot of television shows will remind that is available for certain range of audience. Of course, elementary school student, mostly watch cartoon. However, the television production people will add violence into the show. This study aimed to demonstrate the gender-specific impact of violence-oriented television cartoons for children, and to identify the behaviors demonstrating thisRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children1552 Words   |  7 Pagesleisure 2.8 hours of television a day. There is the constant outcry from parents and teachers that children are growing to be television-obsessed zombies, or that the exposure to violence from their favorite shows are going to cause aggressive actions. But if that is true, then how is it that we as adults are able to stop ourselves from murdering everyone we see, especially if we have so many television programs with violence as a feature? The effect that television violence has on us does not comeRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesThis guest teaches your children to resolve conflicts through violence. The guest baby sits your kids and teaches them principles you don’t agree with. Does watching violence in TV is harmful for your children? Is it Ok to let the 2 year olds watch TV unsupervised? No says the American replacing baby sitters? Hypothesis: Extensive viewing of television violence causes children to behave in aggressive or harmful ways to others. Children model behavior they see in the media, she wrote in 1993. IfRead MoreEffects of Television Violence and Children3538 Words   |  15 PagesEffects of Television violence and Children Outline: I.THESIS STAEMENT: Although the television serves as a form of entertainment, when you abuse its use, and make it a habit to watch, it gives negative effects on the behavior of children especially in their brain’s development. II. PORPUSE OF THE RESEARCH III. INTRODUCTION IV. HIPOTHESIS amp; METHOD A. CHILDREN QUESTIONNAIRE 1. HOW IT CAN AFFECT VIEWER’S BEHAVIOUR 2. CHILDREN RESPONSES B. EFFECTS amp; RESULTS 1. NEGATIVE EFFECTS a. Behavior ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children978 Words   |  4 PagesTelevision has become one of the most, if not the most, used form of entertainment for all ages. Every TV show has some kind of age limit whether it’s rated G or R, it’s not always easy for parents to moderate what their children are watching. Young children are very moldable, not only by the people around them, but what is on TV. I have conducted an experiment to see how much violence and aggression are in everyday television shows that children are likely to watch. I have watched three differentRead MoreThe Effects of Television Violence on Children Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pages Thesis Statement: Unsupervised children who watch violence on television exhibit violence in their everyday lives and develop into aggressive adults. â€Å"Research shows that television violence increases levels of aggression, fear, and desensitization among some who consume it† (Hamilton). This quotation by James Hamilton briefly summarizes the potentially negative effects of television on young minds. A child’s favorite television show can keep a child occupied while the mother prepares

Somehow, changes took place Free Essays

For quite some time the effects of drugs and alcohol to the individual and the society were clandestine. They were enjoyed and well-loved. They were a part of life to many people not so long ago. We will write a custom essay sample on Somehow, changes took place or any similar topic only for you Order Now Somehow, changes took place and the humble and interesting results of these substances have gradually become unpopular. Experiences as shared by many families with members who have succumbed themselves to drug addiction and alcoholism were quite destructive and harsh. In fact, when the harmful effects could no longer be hidden, a huge number has already been destroyed. Those who were saved are lucky but still its rampant attractiveness to emotionally-weak persons leads them to greater danger. To begin with, there are accounts as to the constructive beginnings of alcohol around the world. In the 17th and 18th century, alcohol was a common part of life, involved in almost all aspects of life from everyday activities to special occasions (Levine, 2007). First, alcohol during this period, even today, brings life to social gatherings like parties. Alcohol was at the center of every celebration or any social gathering big or small (Heron, 2003). When it fact it has some truth, if not true at all, alcohol is a relaxing and pleasurable drink which makes a drunk person really â€Å"feel good.† In addition, occasions were said to be more â€Å"alive† when there’s alcohol around. Moreover, it is also used in religion and worship across time aside from its nutritional value and therapeutic purposes. The people during the colonial era though of drunkenness as â€Å"normal,† not really something to worry about, however, it was not appreciated as well. Different societies have their own culture of alcohol and drinking. Come 19th century, diversity in the image of drinking and alcoholism shed light. It was during this period that â€Å"drinking† was seen as an addiction and a disease. People who craved for alcohol were acts not seen for pastimes or for amusements anymore but as a compulsion wherein the alcoholic drinkers were said to be â€Å"trapped† in a â€Å"hole† which they cannot escape from. In other words, the existence of â€Å"alcohol addiction† came into being. At this time, many anti-alcohol movements were created denouncing alcohol intake and since then alcohol and other fermented drinks have lesser popularity. The advent of the 20th century gave more prohibitions as to the use of alcohol. Restrictions to alcohol as codified in laws and regulations are prominent anywhere in the world today because of the numerous alcohol-related mishaps which have taken place. Accidents are proven to be of increasing possibility if they involve liquor consumption. In the United States for example, American minors or those below 18 years old are not allowed to drink and buy alcohol from business establishments. During the present times, alcoholism is considered a deviant behavior, often discouraged and tabooed by majority of society. To the more lenient ones, alcoholism is allowed but to a minimal and controlled extent provided that it does not harm oneself and others. This is common among Asian countries which are quite loose in their alcohol mandates. Habitual drinkers who are determined to reform are placed in rehabilitation programs and organizations like the Alcoholics Anonymous. If alcoholics are almost criticized by the civil society, drug addicts are instantaneously condemned by the general public. But despite our knowledge of the destructive effects of prohibited drugs, it is still a wonder why more and more people are locked in this vice. Many lives have failed because of too much drug intake. Some common addictive drugs include major stimulants as cocaine and amphetamines, opium, heroin and morphine. How to cite Somehow, changes took place, Papers

Somehow, changes took place Free Essays

For quite some time the effects of drugs and alcohol to the individual and the society were clandestine. They were enjoyed and well-loved. They were a part of life to many people not so long ago. We will write a custom essay sample on Somehow, changes took place or any similar topic only for you Order Now Somehow, changes took place and the humble and interesting results of these substances have gradually become unpopular. Experiences as shared by many families with members who have succumbed themselves to drug addiction and alcoholism were quite destructive and harsh. In fact, when the harmful effects could no longer be hidden, a huge number has already been destroyed. Those who were saved are lucky but still its rampant attractiveness to emotionally-weak persons leads them to greater danger. To begin with, there are accounts as to the constructive beginnings of alcohol around the world. In the 17th and 18th century, alcohol was a common part of life, involved in almost all aspects of life from everyday activities to special occasions (Levine, 2007). First, alcohol during this period, even today, brings life to social gatherings like parties. Alcohol was at the center of every celebration or any social gathering big or small (Heron, 2003). When it fact it has some truth, if not true at all, alcohol is a relaxing and pleasurable drink which makes a drunk person really â€Å"feel good.† In addition, occasions were said to be more â€Å"alive† when there’s alcohol around. Moreover, it is also used in religion and worship across time aside from its nutritional value and therapeutic purposes. The people during the colonial era though of drunkenness as â€Å"normal,† not really something to worry about, however, it was not appreciated as well. Different societies have their own culture of alcohol and drinking. Come 19th century, diversity in the image of drinking and alcoholism shed light. It was during this period that â€Å"drinking† was seen as an addiction and a disease. People who craved for alcohol were acts not seen for pastimes or for amusements anymore but as a compulsion wherein the alcoholic drinkers were said to be â€Å"trapped† in a â€Å"hole† which they cannot escape from. In other words, the existence of â€Å"alcohol addiction† came into being. At this time, many anti-alcohol movements were created denouncing alcohol intake and since then alcohol and other fermented drinks have lesser popularity. The advent of the 20th century gave more prohibitions as to the use of alcohol. Restrictions to alcohol as codified in laws and regulations are prominent anywhere in the world today because of the numerous alcohol-related mishaps which have taken place. Accidents are proven to be of increasing possibility if they involve liquor consumption. In the United States for example, American minors or those below 18 years old are not allowed to drink and buy alcohol from business establishments. During the present times, alcoholism is considered a deviant behavior, often discouraged and tabooed by majority of society. To the more lenient ones, alcoholism is allowed but to a minimal and controlled extent provided that it does not harm oneself and others. This is common among Asian countries which are quite loose in their alcohol mandates. Habitual drinkers who are determined to reform are placed in rehabilitation programs and organizations like the Alcoholics Anonymous. If alcoholics are almost criticized by the civil society, drug addicts are instantaneously condemned by the general public. But despite our knowledge of the destructive effects of prohibited drugs, it is still a wonder why more and more people are locked in this vice. Many lives have failed because of too much drug intake. Some common addictive drugs include major stimulants as cocaine and amphetamines, opium, heroin and morphine. How to cite Somehow, changes took place, Papers

Social Networking Sites free essay sample

Social networking sites have brought more harms than benefits. † Do you agree? Social networking sites such as Friendster, Twitter and Facebook all vary slightly, yet one of the main feature they have is that they enable users to create a profile within the website to represent themselves and interact with other users using emails, instant messaging and other integrated communication channels within the site. The popularity and growth of social networking sites over the years has been colossal. Today, there are almost 1 billion active users and over 500 million mobile active users in Facebook. As technology of Web 2. 0 improves and advances, social networking sites have a bigger impact on the society and human relationships, both negative and positive. However, I disagree with the statement as I feel that the benefits social networking sites have brought to its user outweighs the harms it has done. Social networking site have made effective communication easier in the spread and conveying of ideas to raise awareness. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Networking Sites or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It serves as a medium for people to share their thought and ideas with a large mass of people. An example is the Arab Spring, where hundreds of protestors in countries like Libya and Egypt harnessed the efficiency of communication through social networking sites by organising protests and convey their thoughts and ideas to large mass of group in order to raise awareness. Hence, social networking sites expedite the process of communication by conveying ideas to a large audience almost instantaneously. In addition, social networking sites have acted as a bridging platform between the government and citizens. In recent trends, politicians across the world have used social networking sites to communicate with the people and establish stronger ties between the leadership and the populace. For instance, during last year General Elections in Singapore, the various contesting parties and candidates made good use of social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter to organise rallies and receive feedbacks from the citizens. It was also a channel through which people expressed their support for various parties. Hence, social networking sites have allowed the leaders to be more interconnected with the populace and were able to communicate more efficiently too. Furthermore, social networking sites have also created a platform for people, even those who are socially awkward, to express themselves and interact with more people than they would in real life. They were also able to build confidence and develop communication skills as well as the ability to deal with people of differing personalities. This is made possible through social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter where people can express their opinions conveniently through comments and â€Å"tweets† to others, even strangers without the need to have face-to-face contact. Thus, social networking sites have created a chance for people, especially those who are socially awkward or shy, to have more interactions with others and develop social skills. Also, not all impacts brought by social networking sites are inherently positive as they may lead to breakdown of communication. The scale and ease with which human interactions are carried has undoubtedly been expanded and made possible through social networking sites. However, such growth in scale caused the real value of relationships and human interactions to diminish. Social networking sites have made it possible for each and every one of us to have hundreds, even thousands of friends worldwide but interactions on grand scale may not be feasible. A study carried out by Robin Dunbar has given rise to Dunbar’s Number. This number, 150, is the suggested cognitive limit to the number of people with whom one can maintain stable relationships. Instead of wholesome interaction, the sort of interactions that one has with friends in social networking sites have been criticised as largely superficial and non-committal. Thus, social networking sites have also catalysed a negative sort of change in human interaction and may have diluted the strength of human relationships. In conclusion, I feel that social networking has brought more benefits than harms as it has made the world more interconnected. Ideas and thoughts were able to be conveyed to others easily thanks to social networking sites. It also provided opportunities to people who are socially awkward and shy to express themselves and their opinions through social networking sites before stepping out of their comfort zone. Nevertheless, we should not confuse such ease with actual communication skills. It can be detrimental if communication and interactions through social networking sites were to entirely replace socialising with people in real life. Surely our loved ones deserve more than just a Facebook wall post.

Causes Of Child Poverty In The Uk Social Work Essay Essays

Causes Of Child Poverty In The Uk Social Work Essay Essays Causes Of Child Poverty In The Uk Social Work Essay Essay Causes Of Child Poverty In The Uk Social Work Essay Essay a ) What are the chief causes of child poorness in the UK today? The United Kingdom is widely regarded as holding one of the worst rates of child poorness in the industrialized universe. This sentiment was echoed by the findings of the 2007 UNICEF Innocenti Report a comprehensive appraisal of the lives and wellbeing of kids and striplings in economically advanced states which finally concluded that of the 21 states involved, the UK boasted the most alarming kid poorness statistics. The End Child Poverty survey conducted in 2008 revealed that about four million kids were populating in poorness in the UK. Tess Ridge ( 2004 ) points out that there are several cardinal factors that serve to do kids peculiarly vulnerable to sing poorness. Near to three million kids live in lone-parent households and they are peculiarly at hazard of sing poorness during their childhood ( Rowlingson and McKay, 2002 ) . Children brought up in such an environment are likely to be portion of the means-tested benefits system. This in bend increases the opportunities of a kid being subjected to degrees of poorness for a long period of clip. J. Miller ( 1989 ) notes that the fact the bulk of lone parents are female and in low paid employment is brooding of gender disagreements within matrimony and within the labour force. Bradbury et Al ( 2001 ) farther supports this statement by claiming kids in lone-mother households display higher degrees of poorness than kids portion of two parent families. Surveies concentrating on cultural minority kids and poorness are sparse. However, Adelman and Bradshaw s ( 1998 ) rating of the Family Resources Study revealed that Pakistani and Bangladeshi kids are victims of improbably high poorness rates with about 80 % of kids populating below 50 % of average income poorness line after lodging costs. Ridge ( 2004 ) explains that racial favoritism besides contributes to a great extent to childhood poorness amongst cultural groups. Prejudice in the workplace leave cultural minority groups susceptible to low wage and unemployment ; the hazard of unemployment for people from cultural communities is three or four times greater than that of white people ( Howard et al, 2001 ) . The links between child poorness and disablement are obviously evident. Harmonizing to Gordon and Heslop ( 1999 ) , households with a handicapped kid are among some of the poorest of the hapless . Poverty besides affects those kids populating in households where there are grownups with disablements and long-run illness. A study undertaken by the Department of Work and Pensions in 2002 showed 76 % of kids in families where unwellness or disablement was present were having a cardinal benefit ( be it Incapacity Benefit, Severe Disablement Allowance, or Income Support ) for two or more old ages ( DWP, 2002 ) . Household employment position has besides proved to be a major factor of poorness impacting kids. In 1995/96, 54 % of all kids in poorness were populating in workless families ( Gregg et al, 1999 ) . Unemployment within households non merely brings economic disadvantage but can besides hold negative deductions on a kid s aspirations and societal development. In amount, it is clear by careful consideration of the above factors, that these are non stray hazards but hazards that are per se linked and in many instances underpinned. Any policies intended to forestall child poorness must undertake these hazard factors head on, concentrating specifically on the milieus and fortunes in which poorness stricken kids inhabit. B ) What has the authorities done to relieve kid poorness? The Labour authoritiess lift to power in 1997 brought a displacement in policy towards turn toing kid poorness. In 1999, Tony Blair pledged to eliminate kid poorness within 20 old ages. Consequently, degrees of policy activity dramatically increased and an expansive programme of public assistance reform was introduced in order to control kid poorness. Harmonizing to Ridge ( 2004 ) these policies fell into three wide countries: support for kids, predominately through educational agencies support for parents, predominately aimed at doing work wage, child care and parenting strategies alterations in fiscal support for kids and households via the revenue enhancement and benefit system. In order to maintain up to rush with such policies, the authorities committed itself to bring forthing one-year poorness reappraisals entitled Opportunity for All. These studies outlined actions that would be put into topographic point to help in the battle against poorness looking in peculiar at bettering literacy and numeracy accomplishments whilst cut downing degrees of hooky, school exclusions and teenage gestations. Schemes such as Certain Start in England and Wales were introduced. This enterprise was designed with the purpose of giving kids the best possible start in life. Gordon Brown ( 2000 ) proclaimed the initial end was to hold 250 local programmes in topographic point by 2002. This figure was reached and to day of the month, there are over 500 Centres in operation. For adolescents aged 16-18, Education Maintenance Allowances were launched in 2004 in order to promote kids from low income households to remain on in instruction after the school go forthing age. As of 2008, kids whose households earned less than ?20, 817 per annum were entitled to ?30 per hebdomad to cover the cost of their tuition. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //ema.direct.gov.uk ) . Another scheme used by the authorities to cut down kid poorness was the debut in 2003 of working revenue enhancement recognition ( WTC ) and child revenue enhancement recognition ( CTC ) . WTC is aimed at low-income working households but besides designed to lure adult females such as lone parents into the workplace. Basically, it is a payment to exceed up the net incomes of low-paid workers, including those who do nt hold kids. In the bulk of instances, the employer pays it alongside rewards or salary and the sum received is dependent on your income. In 2006, low paid workers could claim up to ?1410 for a individual worker aged 25 and over and up to ?3005 for a twosome gaining less than ?8,000 a twelvemonth. CTC offers fiscal support to households irrespective of their province of employment. It is besides paid in add-on to WTC and any child benefit financess the household may have. The sum a household are entitled excessively is based on their income. In 2006, the sum for one kid was ?545 a twelvemonth for high earners, up to ?2420 for those on low incomes, with excess money for immature kids and handicapped kids. Harmonizing to Sloman ( 2007 ) , apart from aiming support at poorer households, both the WTC and CTC are intended to better inducements to work, by cut downing the poorness trap. In simple footings, households are no longer to a great extent penalised through lost benefits and revenue enhancements by working. In amount, the Labour authorities has actively attempted to carry through its promise to turn to the issue of child poorness in the UK. This is farther supported by Miller and Ridge s ( 2002 ) appraisal that kids and immature people in general have become much more seeable in the policy procedure under Labour s leading and this in itself is a important development. degree Celsiuss ) How successful have they been in turn toing kid poorness? In the last 10 old ages, a overplus of constabularies has been sanctioned by the Labour authorities in the hope of cut downing child poorness. Economic stableness and paid employment were the focal point of the scheme designed to work out the job. By swerving clear of a benefits strategy and researching an of all time turning labour market, it was widely felt households could lift their kids from under the poorness line and sit the states wave of economic prosperity. The rhetoric has changed: in return for a kid benefit and revenue enhancement recognition system, the debut of Certain Start and betterments in the instruction system, benefit claimants now portion a corporate duty to the province to work. Possibly the most of import success of the last 10 old ages is the fact that concerns about kid poorness and now widely shared. This has lead to the three major parties within the UK political system recognizing the issue and later vowing to undertake it. However, beneath the surface there exists a troubled tenseness between apprehensiveness over child poorness and an apparent neglect for high degrees of inequality within the state. In bend, this has threatened to undo all the authorities s difficult work of the past decennary. Consequently, if the authorities fails to turn to these insufficiencies, they will everlastingly be running the hazard of taking two stairss frontward and one measure back with any advancement being made at a slow and painstaking gait. In amount, its clip for the authorities to step up and face the issue of child poorness. The last decennary has yielded consequences and shows the UK has the resources to turn to poorness. Tony Blair made a committedness to stop kid poorness and his predecessors must follow through on that promise. As the Treasury Select Committee late argued: The Chancellor has told us that the Government remains strongly committed to run intoing the kid poorness marks, but this needs to be demonstrated through steadfast action on undertaking child poorness in the 2009 Budget, including the deployment of extra resources ( Treasury Select Committee, 2008 ) While there is a political consensus that child poorness is a job and that it needs to be ended, the authorities has merely over 10 old ages to present on a promise that could radically change kids s lives and chances. To set it bluffly, if politicians are serious about eliminating child poorness, much more demands to be done.

How to Conjugate the Verb Smettere in Italian

How to Conjugate the Verb Smettere in Italian   Some definitions of â€Å"smettere† include: To stopTo leave offTo ceaseTo give up What to know about smettere: It’s an irregular verb second-conjugation verb, so it does not follow the typical -ere verb ending pattern.It’s a transitive verb, which takes a direct object.The infinito is â€Å"smettere†.The participio passato is â€Å"smesso†.The gerund form is â€Å"smettendo†.The past gerund form is â€Å"avendo smesso†. Indicativo/Indicative   Il presente io smetto noi smettiamo tu smetti voi smettete lui, lei, Lei smette essi, Loro smettono Ad esempio: Vorrei parlarti sul serio, quindi smettila con gli scherzi. - I want to talk to you seriously, so stop with the jokes. Il passato prossimo io ho smesso noi abbiamo smesso tu hai smesso voi avete smesso lui, lei, Lei ha smesso essi, Loro hanno smesso Ad esempio: L’insegnante ci ha sgridato, perà ² non abbiamo smesso di parlare. - The teacher yelled at us, but we didn’t stop talking. L’imperfetto io smettevo noi smettevamo tu smettevi voi smettevate lui, lei, Lei smetteva essi, Loro smettevano Ad esempio: La bambina non smetteva di piangere. Voleva andare al parcogiochi. - The little girl kept on crying. She wanted to go to the playground. Il trapassato prossimo io avevo smesso noi avevamo smesso tu avevi smesso voi avevate smesso lui, lei, Lei aveva smesso essi, Loro avevano smesso Ad esempio: Mi ha detto che aveva smesso di parlarle. - You told me that you had stopped talking to her. Il passato remoto io smisi noi smettemmo tu smettesti voi smetteste lui, lei, Lei smise essi, Loro smisero Ad esempio: In quel periodo smisi di andare a scuola. - In that period, I quit going to school. Il trapassato remoto io ebbi smesso noi avemmo smesso tu avesti smesso voi aveste smesso lui, lei, Lei ebbe smesso essi, Loro ebbero smesso TIP: This tense is rarely used, so don’t worry too much about mastering it. You’ll find it in very sophisticated writing. Il futuro semplice io smetter noi smetteremo tu smetterai voi smetterette lui, lei, Lei smetter essi, Loro smetteranno Ad esempio: Promettimi che smetterai di essere duro con te stesso. - Promise me that you’ll stop being hard on yourself. Il futuro anteriore io avr smesso noi avremo smesso tu avrai smesso voi avrete smesso lui, lei, Lei avr smesso essi, Loro avranno smesso Ad esempio: Avr smesso di lavorare, spero che ne trovi un altro prestissimo. - She must have stopped going to work, I hope she finds another one really soon. Congiuntivo/Subjunctive Il presente che io smetta che noi smettiamo che tu smetta che voi smettiate che lui, lei, Lei smetta che essi, Loro smettano Ad esempio: È tempo che tu smetta di fumare. - It’s time you quit smoking. Il passato io abbia smesso noi abbiamo smesso tu abbia smesso voi abbiate smesso lui, lei, Lei abbia smesso essi, Loro abbiano smesso Ad esempio: Penso che lei abbia smesso di scrivere, perchà © non guadagnava abbastanza soldi. - I think she quit writing because she wasn’t earning enough money. L’imperfetto io smettessi noi smettessimo tu smettessi voi smetteste lui, lei, Lei smettesse essi, Loro smettessero Ad esempio: Volevo che tu smettessi di giocare ai videogiochi e parlassi con me. - I wanted you to stop playing video games and talk to me. Il trapassato prossimo io avessi smesso noi avessimo smesso tu avessi smesso voi aveste smesso lui, lei, Lei avesse smesso essi, Loro avessero smesso Ad esempio: Credevo che avessero smesso, ma il giorno dopo hanno riavviato la loro ditta da zero. - I thought they had given up, but the next day, they restarted their business from the bottom up. Condizionale/Conditional Il presente io smetterei noi smetteremmo tu smetteresti voi smettereste lui, lei, Lei smetterebbe essi, Loro smetterebbero Ad esempio: Smetterei di imparare parole inutili ed invece mi concentrerei sulle frasi importanti. - I would stop learning useless words and I would concentrate instead on important phrases. Il passato io avrei smesso noi avremmo smesso tu avresti smesso voi avreste smesso lui, lei, Lei avrebbe smesso essi, Loro avrebbero smesso Ad esempio: Ci ha detto che avrebbe smesso di vagabondare se un’azienda le avesse offerto un posto di lavoro. - She told us that she would stop wandering if a company would offer her a job.